
در ساعت 1:54 به بلندگو اصلی بروید
تیموتی اسنایدر استاد پرنده تاریخ سفید پرنده در دانشگاه ییل ، متخصص در تاریخ اروپای مرکزی و شرقی است. وی لیسانس خود را دریافت کرد از دانشگاه براون و دکترای او از دانشگاه آکسفورد ، جایی که او یک دانشمند انگلیسی مارشال در کالج Balliol بود. وی همچنین در پاریس ، ورشو ، و در هاروارد ، جایی که او یک محقق آکادمی بود ، بورسیه های تحصیلی نیز داشته است. او میهمان مکرر در انستیتوی علوم انسانی وین ، وی حدود ده سال را در اروپا گذرانده است. او پنج زبان صحبت می کند و ده زبان اروپایی را می خواند. از میان انتشارات وی ، پنج کتاب جایزه دهنده ، که همه آنها ترجمه شده اند: ناسیونالیسم ، مارکسیسم ، و اروپای مرکزی مدرن: بیوگرافی از کاظیمیرز کلس کروز (1998)؛ بازسازی ملل: لهستان ، اوکراین ، لیتوانی ، بلاروس ، 1569-1999 (2003)؛ طرح هایی از جنگ مخفی: ماموریت یک هنرمند لهستانی برای آزادسازی اوکراین اتحاد جماهیر شوروی (2005)؛ شاهزاده سرخ: زندگی مخفی یک Archduke هابسبورگ (2008)؛ و Bloodlands: اروپا بین هیتلر و استالین (2010). Bloodlands ده جایزه از جمله جایزه امرسون در علوم انسانی ، یک جایزه ادبیات از آکادمی هنر و نامه های آمریکا و جایزه لایپزیگ برای تفاهم اروپا را به دست آورده است. این زبان به بیست و پنج زبان ترجمه شده است ، به دوازده لیست کتاب سال معرفی شد و در چهار کشور پرفروش شد. اخیراً اسنایدر به مرحوم تونی جود کمک کرد تا یک تاریخچه روشنفکری موضوعی با عنوان تفکر قرن بیستم (2012) تهیه کند که در چهارده ترجمه منتشر شده است. اسنایدر همچنین هماهنگ کننده دو جلد است: Wall Around West: مرزهای ایالتی و کنترل مهاجرت در اروپا و آمریکای شمالی (2000) و استالینیسم و اروپا: ترور ، جنگ ، سلطه ، (2014). او در حال کار روی چهار کتاب است: مطالعه هولوکاست ، شرح حال مارکس ، تاریخ جهانی اروپای شرقی و سابقه خانوادگی ملی گرایی. مقالات علمی او در مجله گذشته و حال ، مجله مطالعات جنگ سرد و تعدادی مجله دیگر منتشر شده است. او همچنین برای کتاب های New York Review of Books، Foreign Affairs، The Times Supplement Literary Literary، The Nation، and the New Republic، و همچنین برای New York Times ، The International Herald Tribune ، Wall Street Journal و سایر روزنامه ها نوشت. او به طور مرتب در کنفرانس های مربوط به آموزش هولوکاست شرکت می کند و در هیئت تحریریه مجله تاریخ نوین اروپایی و سیاست و جوامع اروپای شرقی نشسته است. وی عضو کمیته وجدان موزه یادبود هولوکاست ایالات متحده است و در شوراهای مشاوره موسسه یووو برای تحقیقات یهود ، انجمن مطالعات اسلاو ، اروپای شرقی و اوراسیا و سایر سازمان ها قرار دارد.
لینک دانلود
I've been watching Prof Steve Kotkin on Russia and he's very good
but Tim Snyder is equal or better, terrific insights.
Allow me to summary Kotkin (I'll stand correcting) :-
a) Russia repeats itself (Tsar, USSR, Putin)
b) it is full of contradictions : it believes it's a providential nation ; a/the premier nation
but actually has a small economy and even smaller sphere of influence : believes itself immensely strong but lives in constant fear.
c) rejects the West but strives to emulate it and individuals measure their success
by Western possessions (cf Putin's washing machine)
d) (importantly) the regime prevents Russia engaging with the west and keeps Russia
backwards.
Russia is so interesting to me. Obviously I have nothing but negative feelings for their leaders present or past (except that we can thank Uncle Iosef Vissarianovich for helping us win WWII) or their type of government (whatever tf exactly it can be called), but I've always had a deep and abiding respect for the toughness of the Russian people. They just seem tough as nails. I like to think of myself as a "law office Udarnik" / shock worker type, but those peeps dug canals into freezing soil with their bare hands, or bare hands plus a pickaxe or some shit.
Yet the West fractures, while Russia persists
Very insightful lecture, hats off to Mr Snyder once again. The amount of Russian trolls and propaganda shills in the comments on the other hand is disturbing.
EVERYTHING IS A CONSPIRACY BY SOME NEW WORLD ORDER … BUT WHERE DID THIS SO CALLED NEW WORLD ORDER COME FROM???
The truth is all of this new world order crap is nothing but a conspiracy theory, that was invented by USSR and the KGB back in the day, as part of the disinformation war against the west.. Russia calls this form of disinformation war for " Active measures "
(Russian: активные мероприятия / Aktivnyye Meropriyatiya) https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=5gnpCqsXE8g&app=desktop
The objective of Russian conspiracy theories is NOT to convince everyone that there were such a things as a new world order, but to create enough doubt, distrust, and confusion within the populous of the western nations that it will make people distrust their own government and media, it is, in other words, the good old game of divide and conquer KGB
Putin style !!!
So let's take a look at those people like Alex Jones on the right and this dimwit Mr Randy Credico on the fare left they are in-fact the same coin just different side of that same coin…They both accuse the Gov. agencies and corporate, banks of an evil conspiracy,,,,,
They both like claiming that there is an emerging clandestine totalitarian world government by various conspiracy theories and the common is always about a New World Order, run by banks and business and backed up by the NSA and CIA ect ect …..
They say it is that secretive power elite with a globalist agenda is conspiring to eventually rule the world through an authoritarian regime..
But then at the same time, they both will when it is convenient for their conspiracy agenda, uses the CIA FBI and government to back up their claims and theories if and when it fits into the there ideas, theories and agenda …
But her is a thing —— I am sure that they personally believe what they are saying and even some of it sometimes, can be found to have some small truths as well in fact maybe even more than a little..
But like all good conspiracies you will find some truth in it but the prob. with conspiracy theories is that those guys let their wild fantasy run-amok like saying there are non humans in power and those non humans are trying to use WIFI, microchips and electric to turn us into cyborgs ect ect then they will say things like the governments in the west are poisoning our food with, G,.M,Os and neurotoxins and using the food and water to help to dum us as a people down ..
What those guys don't really understand is this all of this comes from the KGBs disinformation handbook from back in the day of the cold war and the Kremlin back then and today uses these conspiracies to discredit the US, and the west to the rest of the world and their own populous …
The truth is this is really a form of Marxism propaganda as the fare right and the far left are seeing anything corporate and banks business ect ect is out to get the working man the little guy,,,
Yes they will say that the so-called New World Order is run by banks and business is working to bring down the human races backed up by the federal government …
But the Alex jones, Randy Credico, and even the Glenn Beck of this world don't really understand they are nothing but useful idiots for the Kremlin propaganda machine …
That told…. NOT ALL and everything that Alex jones and/ or the Randy Credico of this world come with are from looney tune town… like all good lies and conspiracies, some of it has some truth in it, as any good conspiracies must have some true in it to make it look credible..
What is really going on with the Alex jones and Glenn Becks of this world is nothing more or less than that they have become victims of god old Kremlin propaganda and have become the useful idiots for the Kremlin propaganda machine..
Yes nothing more or nothing less than victims of KGBs Putins propaganda deception and Marxist brainwashing techniques all of this conspiracies theories are helped along by anti-western leftists and right wing nut jobs by the ex KGBs like Putin himself and today's FSB to bring down the west the EU and America,,,,
So what is this Kremlin, Putins propaganda thing you ask …
Well it is called Active measures and the Alex jones and the Glenn Becks in conspiracies theory world dont even know it…
Take a look here at the link (Russian: активные мероприятия / Aktivnyye Meropriyatiya) https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Active_measures
Active measure is a Soviet term for the actions of political warfare conducted by the Soviet security services ( KGB )and now used by the Russian security services ( FSB) to influence the course of world events, in the Russian Kremlins favor, this includes but not limited to collecting intelligence and producing "politically correct" assessment of it,, and Active measures range "from media manipulations to special actions involving various degrees of violence".
They included disinformation, propaganda, counterfeiting official documents, assassinations, and political repression, such as penetration into churches, Active measures included the establishment and support of international front organizations (e.g. the World Peace Council); foreign communist, socialist and opposition parties; wars of national liberation in the Third World; and underground, revolutionary, insurgency, criminal, and terrorist groups subversion: active measures to weaken the West, to drive wedges in the Western community alliances of all sorts, particularly NATO, to sow discord among allies, to weaken the United States in the eyes of the people of Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and thus to prepare the ground in case the war really occurs..
And how do we know that this was and still is run by the Russian Kremlin ???
We know this because we know who Vasili Mitrokhin was …..
And who was he you ask …
He was a KGB cold war agent that became a defector to the west that took with him KGB files regarding the Active measures programs see link https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vasili_Mitrokhin
Some of the active measures by the USSR against the United States were exposed in the Mitrokhin Archive: Well known Kremlin Active measures conspiracy theories put into the western minds …
Starting rumors that the Jewish "Control" of the Federal Reserve for a new word order and anti-Semitic propaganda has demonized the Jew as a conspiratorial, manipulative outsider, often with powers and designs of world domination helped along by the USA government and the American banks run and owned by the Rothschild jews.
Starting rumors that fluoridated drinking water was, in fact, a plot by the US government to effect population control.]
Starting rumors that the moon landings were hoaxes and the money ostensibly used by NASA was in actuality used by the CIA.
Starting rumors that US, government at the top level let Pearl Harbor happen so the American industrial complex and Banks got the US public to join in and take part in ww2 .
Use of sympathetic elements in the press to label the strategic defense initiative as an impractical "star wars" scheme.
Fabrication of the story that AIDS virus was manufactured by US scientists at Fort Detrick; the story was spread by Russian-born biologist Jakob Segal.
Discrediting of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), using historian Philip Agee (codenamed PONT).
Attempts to discredit Martin Luther King, Jr. by placing publications portraying him as an "Uncle Tom" who was secretly receiving government subsidies.
Stirring up racial tensions in the United States by mailing bogus letters from the Ku Klux Klan, placing an explosive package in "the Negro section of New York" (operation PANDORA), and spreading conspiracy theories that Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination had been planned by the US government
Everyone Against Russia: Conspiracy Theories on the Rise In Russian Media
https:// euvsdisinfo. eu/everyone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-russian-media/
TAKE A LOOK AT THIS VIDEO AND THEN YOU WILL UNDERSTAND !!
Yuri Bezmenov ex KGB : Psychological Warfare Subversion & Control of Western Society (Complete) https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=5gnpCqsXE8g&app=desktop
Yuri Bezmenov: Deception Was My Job (Complete)https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=y3qkf3bajd4&t=385s
The rape scandals of Germany and Sweden hardly require manufacture.
ukraine is a polish word which stands for 'near margin', that is how the polish called present day western ukraine. the real name of ukraine is Malorossiya, which had been with Russia for centuries before the place was renamed to ukraine
europe is a civilization of parasites that rob other countries via usury.
Russia is the only civilization left to keep the balance. Russia is a civilization of measure.
Crimea had been Russian before US became a state in the 18 century
Timothy Snyder is a Western propagandist and anti communist at its worst .fact does not matter for him. There is no such thing as a modern day Ukrainian history , it is the biggest lie that ever told . Ukraine is part of Greater Russia and intermingled with Russia proper for at least a 1000 year since Kievan Rus state collapse by Mongols invasion.All Timothy's does is create division among people. what, so called Holomodor was not engineered by The Soviets, famine happened everywhere in the Soviet Union, including RFSSR, Kazakhstan, Georgia in the 1930s. Ukraine as it exists today never was a State, he tried to separate Ukraine as one unique separate people from Russia.Ukraine was Frankenstein state created by Stalin at the end of world war 2, the worst mistake the Soviet Union made is Incorporated Western Ukraine into Ukraine SSR, which was Polish territory , in part came to bite them at the in the final days of the Soviet Union, when Ukraine declare independent from the Soviet Union. Ukraine was an empty wheat field before the Russian conquer it, and when the Bolshevik took over , the whole Ukraine become industrialized with Russian blood, The whole Donbass region, to Kiev, Odessa, Mariopol,dniperteropovsk was built with Russian blood.by the most famous Russian are born in Ukraine, Trotsky Zinoviev Voroshilov, Malinovsky, Breznev Timoshenko, to name a few. Now Revisionist like Timothy Snyder try to rewrite history like Ukraine is a distinct unique separate people from Russian ,divide and conquer.
Nice talk, unfortunately tarnished by the horrid "Right?" tic.
Some of the ideas here don't fully add up. The idea of Russia as a victim is something I've sensed recently. Which in a way Russia is a victim and generally on the defense. The Mongol invasion, the Napoleonic war and both world wars. Afghanistan doesn't quite fit in that calculation though. Russia has massive strategic problems, which is what makes security a main concern for Moscow. The speech was interesting nonetheless. Honestly who knows to what extent Putin has read this Ivan Ilyn guy and for what purpose. Many people read Hitler's book Mein Kampf out of curiosity or to understand history. This doesn't make them Nazis. Russia isn't fascist at all. The closest thing to it I've seen are the nationalistic racist soccer fans. They're idiots and the general population doesn't agree with them.
The United States has been at war all over the globe practically since the end of WWII. Many suggest a search for oil and other resources and markets has been the motivation. We had better be careful lest we be accused of our own form of lebensraum and world domination. We can do this by showing ourselves to be on a quest for diplomatic solutions to world problems and by showing the world we have much to offer in terms of mutually beneficial friendships, help and independence. Giving. not just taking and making demands.
I smell a whola lot of propaganda and whola lot of propaganda
putins affiliation with german is well in line with Illin being a "german philosopher writing in Russian"
Snyder is a hypocrite !!!!! Why don't you start talking about 'The $5 Billion the U.S. spent to oust the last ELECTED president of Ukraine (Yanukovych) !!! Then you may also want to explain George Soros' role in the disintegration of Ukraine !!!
Makes me even more distrustful of Russia.
What Putin and other Russists say that's never what they think. But they understand each other correctly. Know why? Because they can see who the West reacts and reflects words from the official Russia. It is completely Satan because the evil is just parasites on the good or normal. The evil never has its own body, flesh. Only parasitism.
He is taking incredibly long to get to the point. I dont like that
this guy does a really good job, i would love to ask him about the sept 1999 apartment bombings in russia and the involvement of putin and the fsb, google "fsb ryazan"
I don't think that categorizing Russia or Ukraine as fascist is either helpful or accurate. It's a label which carries too much of an "electric charge" so to speak. It digs up a large number of questions and clarifications that simply waste time. It also scares people and makes the accused side look like they can't be reasoned with. I like Snyder a lot, and I have read "Bloodlands" and I enjoyed it, but I don't think he's on point here. He's muddying the waters, actually, which I think it's something he does NOT want to do.
There no in fact any Ukraine. True historical name of this land is Rus' (on greek-latin literation "Rusia") This is territory of ancient Russia (Rus',MaloRossia – or 'central Russia') that was occupied by medieval Poland during 16 century and renamed to so called "Ukraine" (meaning "edge" or border between Rus' and Wild steppe) . Than this term 'ukraine' was restored every time when Russian enemies want to dividing Russia into different parts – such was during German occupation in WWI and WWII. And such dividing of Russia was happened in 1991 – it was criminal and illegal, violating the laws of USSR and people's wiil referendum of 1990 when all soviet people said 'No' for dividing the country. I heard fragment of this "lecture" / Its a boring and uncompetent piece of shit. This is Goebbels propaganda that need to be punished as nazi propaganda and crime against humanity. Timothy Snyder stupid as brick, dont hear his bullshit
NATO is the biggest and the only War Criminal of modernity.
When Russia does a good job of remembering the dream of a secure southern warm water port; they divide and conquer better than any! Helping the Turks to discriminate poorly against there own, coupled with secret support of dissatisfied groups slowly but surely helped the Ottomans weaken themselves as much or more than the Russian Army was able to directly contribute to the fall of the Ottoman Empire. In the 90's by fanning the flames of Turkish racism and Kurdish nationalism Russia was able to distract Turkey from Russian activities in Chechnya, Georgia, and later Ukraine. Russia is now poised to link all the way from Eastern Europe to Suez using simple psychological operations (like getting the USA to see Iran as a bigger threat than their patron) and surgical conventional military campaigns (like in Syria). Linking the Volga to world trade with no enemy entanglements is a natural impulse. In the modern world however, sovereignty and treaties must still matter! All republics deserve their sovereignty decided without outside influence and Ukraine gave up nuclear weapons on the promise that Ukrainian independence was guaranteed by the West. The USA military already guards the freedom of Germany and Japan, and WW1 and WW2 rolled back and forth through Ukraine. Now is the decisive moment when by allowing Ukraine to know European Union, WW1 may finally end… or the world order WW1 initiated may not know another day of peace.
hmm… who in the world have been supporting rising and falling of states since 1970s? really bad of this gentleman to call the US a Facist state!
hmm… who in the world have been supporting rising and falling of states since 1970s? really bad of this gentleman to call the US a Facist state!
Interesting and thought provoking.
This is an extremely biased hatchet job, which presents a very one sided view of Ivan Ilyin's work. See here for an explanation: https://irrussianality.wordpress.com/2016/05/12/bandwagon-of-errors/
Very interesting and insightful.
One thing bothered me though – speaking of corruption mr. Snyder said "Russia is down there with Ukraine, Bangladesh etc".
I don't know much about Bangladesh, but I'm having serious doubts that Ukraine has a level of corruption that is as low as Russia's. The corruption perception ratings that are used to "evaluate" this are very much imprecise given how much tolerance to corruption is present in Russia and how much intolerance (and general media hype) for corruption is in Ukraine – which impacts perception a lot, therefore producing results that speak nothing about a level of corruption itself, but rather of a level of intolerance to corruption – which is almost the opposite of what's measured.
One of the original thinkers on Russia!
Excellent lecture. Thanks for the recording.